In Salesforce when large number of child records (more then 10k) are linked to one parent records that situation is called data skew in Salesforce

Type of Data skew:

  1. Account data skew
  2. Ownership skew
  3. Lookup Skew

Account data skew:

Certain Salesforce objects, like accounts and opportunities, have special data relationships that maintain parent and child record access under private sharing models. Too many child records associated with the same parent object in one of these relationships causes account data skew. Say you have a bunch of unassigned contacts and park them under one account named “Unassigned.” This can create issues with record locking and sharing performance.

Ownership Skew:

When a large number of records with the same object type are owned by a single use

Lookup Skew:

When a very large number of records are associated with a single record in the lookup object.